Dr. Edward Snell

Dr. Edward Snell (Eddie) is a biophysicist who lead the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute for almost a decade. He is currently the Chief Scientific Officer and has over 90 publications including two books published by Oxford University Press. His research experience includes academic, government (both UK and US), and industy.

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Executive Resume available by clicking here.

 

Scientific Resume

 

Professional Appointments

Current position Chief Scientific Officer of the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute
2017 – present Professor, Department of Materials Design and Innovation, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo NY
2016 – present Adjunct Professor, Cell Stress and Biophysical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo NY
2014 – 2023 President and Chief Executive Officer of the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo NY
2010 – 2014 Senior Scientist, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY
2005 – 2017 Assistant Professor, SUNY Buffalo Department of Structural Biology, Buffalo, NY
2005 – 2010 Research Scientist, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY
1999 – 2005 Staff Scientist, NASA Laboratory for Structural Biology, Huntsville, AL

Education

The John Moores University of Liverpool Liverpool, Merseyside, UK Applied Physics B.Sc. (Hons) 1st Class 1992
The University of Manchester Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK Synchrotron Crystallography Ph.D. 1996
NASA Biophysics Laboratory, MSFC Huntsville, AL, USA National Research Council Fellow Post-doctoral 1996-1999

Service

2023 – present International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) executive as a member of the Book Series committee
2021 Scientific Program Organizing Committee for the 2021 SSRL/LCLS Users’ Meeting
2020 – present Member of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Scientific Advisory Committee
2020-2021 Chair of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Scientific Users Executive Committee
2020 2020 SSRL/LCLS Users’ Meeting Organizing Committee
2019 – present Member of the International Union of Crystallography Gender Equity and DIversity Committee, serving for the third of three maximum terms.
2019 – 2021 Chair of the National Synchrotron Light Source Structural Biology Proposal Review Panel
2018 – current Director of the NSF BioXFEL Science and Technology Center
2016 Program co-chair (with Dr. Amy Sarjeant) for the 2016 American Crystallographic Association Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado
2016 Organizing committee – Crystallization: focus on micro and nano crystals and high throughput methods, SLAC National laboratory
2016 Chair of the International BioXFEL conference in San Juan, Puerto Rico
2016 – 2022 Member of the National Synchrotron Light Source Structural Biology Proposal Review Panel
2015 – 2016 Chair of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Scientific Users Executive Committee
2015 Scientific Program Organizing Committee for the 2015 SSRL/LCLS Users’ Meeting
2015 – 2016 Chair of the American Crystallographic Association Communications Committee
2014 – present Board Member for the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus (BNMC)
2014 – 2016 Member of the Communications Committee for the American Crystallographic Association
2014 – 2016 Vice-Chair and then Chair for the 2014 and 2016 Gordon Research Conference on Diffraction Methods
2013 – present Member of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Users Executive Committee
2013 – 2016 Member, American Institute of Physics News and Media Advisory Committee
2013 – 2014 Chair of the Biological macromolecules Special Interest Group, American Crystallographic Association
2013 – 2021 Member of the MacCHESS (Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source) Scientific Advisory Committee
2013 Symposium organizer, DNA and RNA, Pittsburgh Diffraction Socieyt meeting, Buffalo NY.
2012 Organizer with Arwen Pearson and Angela Criswell of a SAXS Course at the Astbury Center for Structural Biology in Leeds, UK
2010 – present Council member, International Organization for the Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules
2008 Symposium organizer, Before the crystal and further then the crystal, Pittsburgh Diffraction Society meeting, Pittsburgh PA.
2007 Session chair – Making X-Rays and Neutrons Work for You (Technical Advances in Biocrystallography with Synchrotron X-rays and Spallation Neutrons), Pittsburgh Diffraction Society meeting, Buffalo NY.
2007 Chair and organizer, Pittsburgh Diffration Society meeting, Buffalo NY.
2005 – 2010 Research Scientist, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY
1999 – 2005 Staff Scientist, NASA Laboratory for Structural Biology, Huntsville, AL
1996 – present Member of the American Crystallographic Association

Research Supervision

Graduate Supervision
  2016 – 2020 Timothy Stachowski. Ph.D.
  2013 – 2015 Amanda Ruby M.Sc.
  2012 – 2015 Rick Roberts M.Sc.
  2008 – 2013 Thomas Grant Ph.D. (Deans award for best thesis)
  2007 – 2013 Kristin Wunsch Ph.D.
Rotation Students
  2011 Rick Roberts
  2007 Kristin Wunsch
Undergraduate Students
  2007 Ann Wojtaszczyk
  2007 Amy DeLuca
Summer interns
  2007 Martin Glose
  2007 Melvin Parker
  2006 Suet Kam Lam
  2006 Elizabeth Stofko
  2005 Kristin Wunsch
Research Associates
  2007 – 2019 Elizabeth Snell
  2006 Jennifer Riggie
  2006 – 2011 Robin Kempkes

Honors

2022 Named a Fellow of the American Crystallographic Association – The Structural Science Society
2015 – present Consistently ranked in the top 250 most influential people in Western New York by Buffalo Business First Newspaper
2015 One of two candidates nominated to stand in the election for the president of the American Crystallographic Association by their nomination committee.
2012 Nominated to the Faculty of 1000
2003 NASA MSFC Directors Commendation for Collaborative research
2003 Imaging Award from the industry magazine, Advanced Imaging
1996 National Research Council Fellow – Fellowship extended to the maximum duration of 3 years and 6 months

Grant Support

23 Principal Investigator DOE Understanding the mechanism and health consequences of low-dose radiation at a molecular level $1.497M 2024 – 2027
22 Co-Investigator NIH National HTX Center: Enabling Access to State-of-the-Art Crystallization Capabilities (PI Bowman) $4.911M 2021 – 2026
21 Director/ Principal Investigator NSF STC Biology with X-ray Lasers $22.5M 2018 – 2023
20 Principal Investigator NIH R24 Community Crystallization Resource for Biological Macromolecules, $1,507K $1.507M 2017 – 2021
19 Principal Investigator NIH R13 2014 Diffraction Methods in Structural Biology Gordon Research Conference & Gordon Research Seminar $5K 2015
18 Principal Investigator NASA Growth Rate Dispersion as a Predictive Technique $750K 2013 – 2018
17 Principal Investigator CASIS Exploiting on-orbit crystal properties for structural studies of medically and economically important targets $300K 2013 – 2014
16 Co-Investigator NSF MRI-R^2: Development of STIM and DATS for Protein and Nanosystem Characterization, (P.I. Markalez) $1.001M 2010 – 2013
15 Principal Investigator DoD, Preventing Long-Term Brain and Lung Damage Caused by Battlefield Trauma $2.9M 2010 – 2013
14 Principal Investigator NIH R01 Development of an Expert Crystal Knowledge System $1.676M 2010 – 2014
13 Principal Investigator ISH A Structural Understanding of the Molecular Defense against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease $75K 2009 – 2010
12 Principal Investigator Goode Foundation, Combating Viruses – New Technologies to Visualize, Understand, and Enable Their Treatment $250K 2008 – 2011
11 Co-Investigator DOE Laboratory Directors Research and Development Fund proposal, “High throughput crystallography for macromolecular structure, function and design (PI Myles) $120K 2007 – 2009
10 Co-Investigator NIH U54 Protein Structure Initiative center Grant, “Tools for High Throughput Structural Biology (PI DeTitta) $16.9M 2006 – 2008
9 Co-Investigator NASA The Master Switch for Bone Formation: Structural Studies of RunX2 (PI van der Woerd). $494K 2005 – 2010
8 Co-Investigator NASA Macromolecule Nucleation and Growth Rate Dispersion Studies (PI Judge) $400K 2003 – 2006
7 Principal Investigator NASA Cool Crystals–A Physical and Biochemical Study of Macromolecular Crystal Cyropreservation $600K 2003 – 2006
6 Co-Investigator NASA Searching for the Best Protein Crystals: Integration of Synchrotron-Based Crystal Quality Measurements and Structure Determination (PI Borgstahl) $830K 2001 – 2005
5 Co-Principal Investigator NASA The Study and Optimization of Flow in Solution Biological Crystal Growth (Co PI Pusey and Judge) 2001 – 2005
4 Co-Investigator NASA Optimizing the Use of Microgravity to Improve the Diffraction Quality of Problematic Biomacromolecular Crystals and Macromolecule Nucleation (PI Kundrot) 2000 – 2004
3 Co-Investigator NASA Growth Rate Dispersion Studies: A Predictive Technique for Crystal Quality Improvement in Microgravity (PI Judge) $288K 1999 – 2003
2 Co-Investigator NASA Diffractometer for Reciprocal Space Mapping of Macromolecular Crystals to Study Their Microstructure”, $500K (PI Chernov) $500K 1999 – 2003
1 Co-Investigator NASA Searching for the Best Protein Crystals: Synchrotron Based Mosaicity Measurements of Crystal Quality and Theoretical Modeling (PI Borgstahl) $535K 1998 – 2002

Structural models

 

6QRY, 6QRX, 6QRW, 6QRV, 6QRU, 6QRT, 6QRS, 6QRR (all part of a radiation chemistry study)

6P7J, 6OE2, 6OBY, 6NLR, 4S0W

4H9I, 4H9E, 4H9C, 4H9B, 4H9A, 4H94, 4H93, 4H92, 4H91, 4H90, 4H8Z, 4H8y, 4H8x (all part of a radiation chemistry study)

4H3S, 4CS0, 4CRZ, 4CRY, 3TL4, 1D5N

(other proprietary protein and protein/ligand structures not listed)

Journal articles, book chapters, and books

 

  1.  20 years of crystal hits: progress and promise in ultrahigh-throughput crystallization screening. Lynch, ML., Snell, ME., Potter, SA., Snell, EH., & Bowman. SEJ. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol. 2023 Mar 1;79(Pt 3):198-205.
  2. From Protein Design to the Energy Landscape of a Cold Unfolding Protein. Pulavarti SVSRK, Maguire JB, Yuen S, Harrison JS, Griffin J, Premkumar L, Esposito EA, Makhatadze GI, Garcia AE, Weiss TM, Snell EH, Kuhlman B, Szyperski T. J. Phys Chem B. 2022, 126, 6, 1212-1231.
  3. Near-physiological-temperature serial crystallography reveals conformations of SARS-CoV-2 main protease active site for improved drug repurposing. Durdagi S, Dağ C, Dogan B, Yigin M, Avsar T, Buyukdag C, Erol I, Ertem FB, Calis S, Yildirim G, Orhan MD, Guven O, Aksoydan B, Destan E, Sahin K, Besler SO, Oktay L, Shafiei A, Tolu I, Ayan E, Yuksel B, Peksen AB, Gocenler O, Yucel AD, Can O, Ozabrahamyan S, Olkan A, Erdemoglu E, Aksit F, Tanisali G, Yefanov OM, Barty A, Tolstikova A, Ketawala GK, Botha S, Dao H, Hayes B, Liang M, Seaberg MH, Hunter MS, Batyuk A, Mariani V, Su Z, Poitevin F, Yoon CH, Kupitz C, Sierra RG, Snell EH, and DeMirci H. (2021) Structure 29, 12, 1382-1396.
  4. Biological networks across scales—The Theoretical and Empirical Foundations for Time-Varying Complex Networks that Connect Structure and Function across Levels of Biological Organization. Bogdan, P, Caetano-Anolles, Jolles, A, Kim, H, Morris, J, Murphy, C, Royer, Snell EH, Steinbrenner, A. and Strausfeld, N. (2021) Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, 6, 1991-2010.
  5. Structural biology in the time of COVID-19: perspectives on methods and milestones. Lynch, ML, Snell, EH, Bowman, SEJ. (2021) IUCrJ 8, 3, 335-341.
  6. A SAXS based approach to rationally evaluate radical scavengers – toward eliminating radiation damage in solution and crystallographic studies. Stachowski, TR, Snell, ME, Snell, EH. (2021) Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 28, 1309-1320.
  7. Microgravity as an environment for macromolecular crystallization – an outlook in the era of space stations and commercial space flight. Snell EH and Helliwell JR. (2021) Crystallography Reviews, 8th April, 1-44.
  8. SAXS studies of X-ray induced disulfide bond damage: Engineering high-resolution insight from a low-resolution technique. Stachowski, T.R., Snell, M.E, and Snell, E.H. PLOS One (2020) 15(11): e0239702.
  9. Structural insights into conformational switching in latency-associated peptide between transforming growth factor β-1 bound and unbound states. Stachowski, T.R., Snell, M.E, & Snell, E.H. IUCrJ (2020) 7(2) 238-252.
  10. High-Throughput PIXE as an Essential Quantitative Assay for Accurate Metalloprotein Structural Analysis: Development and Application. Grime, G.W., Zeldin, O.B., Snell, M.E., Lowe, E.D., Hunt, J.F., Montelione, G.T., Tong, L., Snell, E.H.* & Garman, E.F* – joint corresponding. JACS (2020) 142, 185-197. doi 10.1021/jacs.9b09186
  11. Structural consequences of transforming growth factor beta-1 activation from near-therapeutic X-ray doses, Stachowski, T., Grant, T.D. and Snell, E.H. Journal of Synchrotron radiation in press (2019), 26, 967-979. 
  12. Structural knowledge or X-ray damage. A case study on xylose isomerase illustrating both. Taberman, H, Bury, CS, van der Woerd MJ, Snell EH, Garman EF. J. Synchrotron Radiation. (2019). 26, 931-944.
  13. Protein and RNA dynamical fingerprinting. Niessen KA, Xu M, George DK, Chen MC, Ferré-D’Amaré AR, Snell EH, Cody V, Pace J, Schmidt M, Markelz AG.Nat Commun. 2019 Mar 4;10(1):1026.
  14. Classification of crystallization outcomes using deep convolutional neural networks. Bruno AE, Charbonneau, P, Newman J, Snell EH, So DR, Vanhoucke V, Watkins CJ, Williams S, Wilson J. PLoS ONE  2018 13(6):e0198883
  15. Biological Small Angle Scattering Theory and Practice. Lattman, EE., Grant, TD, Snell, EH.  Oxford University Press. 2018.
  16. Double-flow focused liquid injector for efficient serial femtosecond crystallography. Oberthuer D, Knoška J, Wiedorn MO, Beyerlein KR, Bushnell DA, Kovaleva EG, Heymann M, Gumprecht L, Kirian RA, Barty A, Mariani V, Tolstikova A, Adriano L, Awel S, Barthelmess M, Dörner K, Xavier PL, Yefanov O, James DR, Nelson G, Wang D, Calvey G, Chen Y, Schmidt A, Szczepek M, Frielingsdorf S, Lenz O, Snell E, Robinson PJ, Šarler B, Belšak G, Maček M, Wilde F, Aquila A, Boutet S, Liang M, Hunter MS, Scheerer P, Lipscomb JD, Weierstall U, Kornberg RD, Spence JC, Pollack L, Chapman HN, Bajt S.  Sci Rep. (2017) Mar 16;7:44628.
  17. Moving in the Right Direction: Protein Vibrational Steering Function. Niessen KA, Xu M, Paciaroni A, Orecchini A, Snell EH, Markelz AG.  Biophys J. 2017;112:933-942.
  18. The use of haptic interfaces and web services in crystallography: an application for a `screen to beam’ interface. Bruno A, Soares A, Owen R, Snell EH.  J. Appl. Cryst. (2016). 49, 2082-2090.
  19. Computational crystallization. Altan I, Charbonneau P, Snell EH.  Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016 Jan 11. pii: S0003-9861(16)30004-2.
  20. The detection and subsequent volume optimization of biological nanocrystals, Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Franks EC, Lauricella AM, Gualtieri EJ, Snell EH, Xiao R, Everett JK, Montelione GT. Struct Dyn. 2015 May 15;2(4):041710.
  21. The structure of the PanD/PanZ protein complex reveals negative feedback regulation of pantothenate biosynthesis by coenzyme A. Monteiro DC, Patel V, Bartlett CP, Nozaki S, Grant TD, Gowdy JA, Thompson GS, Kalverda AP, Snell EH, Niki H, Pearson AR, Webb ME. Chem Biol. 2015 Apr 23;22(4):492-503
  22. The accurate assessment of small-angle X-ray scattering data. Grant TD, Luft JR, Carter LG, Matsui T, Weiss TM, Martel A, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2015 Jan 1;71(Pt 1):45-56.
  23. A hybrid NMR/SAXS-based approach for discriminating oligomeric protein interfaces using Rosetta. Rossi P, Shi L, Liu G, Barbieri CM, Lee HW, Grant TD, Luft JR, Xiao R, Acton TB, Snell EH, Montelione GT, Baker D, Lange OF, Sgourakis NG. Proteins. 2015 Feb;83(2):309-17.
  24. Comparing chemistry to outcome: the development of a chemical distance metric, coupled with clustering and hierarchal visualization applied to macromolecular crystallography. Bruno AE, Ruby AM, Luft JR, Grant TD, Seetharaman J, Montelione GT, Hunt JF, Snell EH. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 27;9(6):e100782.
  25. Identifying, studying and making good use of macromolecular crystals. Calero G, Cohen AE, Luft JR, Newman J, Snell EH.Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2014 Aug;70(Pt 8):993-1008.
  26. Crystallization screening: the influence of history on current practice. Luft JR, Newman J, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2014 Jul;70(Pt 7):835-53.
  27. Statistical analysis of crystallization database links protein physico-chemical features with crystallization mechanisms. Fusco D, Barnum TJ, Bruno AE, Luft JR, Snell EH, Mukherjee S, Charbonneau P. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 2;9(7):e101123.
  28. A new view on crystal harvesting. Luft JR, Grant TD, Wolfley JR, Snell EH. J Appl Crystallogr. 2014 May 29;47(Pt 3):1158-1161.
  29. Optical measurements of long-range protein vibrations. Acbas G, Niessen KA, Snell EH, Markelz AG. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3076.
  30. Neutron structure of the cyclic glucose-bound xylose isomerase E186Q mutant. Munshi P, Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ, Judge RA, Myles DA, Ren Z, Meilleur F.  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 Feb;70(Pt 2):414-20.
  31. The structure of yeast glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and modeling of its interaction with tRNA. Grant TD, Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Snell ME, Tsuruta H, Corretore S, Quartley E, Phizicky EM, Grayhack EJ, Snell EH. J Mol Biol. 2013 Jul 24;425(14):2480-93.
  32. Purification and SAXS analysis of the integrin linked kinase, PINCH, parvin (IPP) heterotrimeric complex. Stiegler AL, Grant TD, Luft JR, Calderwood DA, Snell EH, Boggon TJ. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55591.
  33. Insights into the mechanism of X-ray-induced disulfide-bond cleavage in lysozyme crystals based on EPR, optical absorption and X-ray diffraction studies. Sutton KA, Black PJ, Mercer KR, Garman EF, Owen RL, Snell EH, Bernhard WA.  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2013 Dec;69(Pt 12):2381-94.
  34. On the need for an international effort to capture, share and use crystallization screening data. Newman J, Bolton EE, Müller-Dieckmann J, Fazio VJ, Gallagher DT, Lovell D, Luft JR, Peat TS, Ratcliffe D, Sayle RA, Snell EH, Taylor K, Vallotton P, Velanker S, von Delft F. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2012 Mar 1;68(Pt 3):253-8.
  35. Structural conservation of an ancient tRNA sensor in eukaryotic glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. Grant TD, Snell EH, Luft JR, Quartley E, Corretore S, Wolfley JR, Snell ME, Hadd A, Perona JJ, Phizicky EM, Grayhack EJ. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Apr;40(8):3723-31.
  36. What’s in a drop? Correlating observations and outcomes to guide macromolecular crystallization experiments. Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Snell EH. Cryst Growth Des. 2011 Mar 2;11(3):651-663.
  37. Lessons from high-throughput protein crystallization screening: 10 years of practical experience. Luft JR, Snell EH, Detitta GT. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2011 May;6(5):465-80.
  38. Small angle X-ray scattering as a complementary tool for high-throughput structural studies. Grant TD, Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Tsuruta H, Martel A, Montelione GT, Snell EH. Biopolymers. 2011 Aug;95(8):517-30.
  39. Crystal cookery – using high-throughput technologies and the grocery store as a teaching tool. Luft JR, Furlani NM, Nemoyer RE, Penna EJ, Wolfley JR, Snell ME, Potter SA, Snell EH. J Appl Crystallogr. 2010 Oct 1;43(Pt 5):1189-1207.
  40. Macromolecular Crystallization and Crystal Perfection. Chayen, NE, Helliwell, JR, and Snell EH. IUCr Monographs in Crystallography Number 24, Oxford University Press (2010).
  41. Sliding clamp-DNA interactions are required for viability and contribute to DNA polymerase management in Escherichia coli. Heltzel JM, Scouten Ponticelli SK, Sanders LH, Duzen JM, Cody V, Pace J, Snell EH, Sutton MD. J Mol Biol. 2009 Mar 20;387(1):74-91.
  42. Establishing a training set through the visual analysis of crystallization trials. Part II: crystal examples. Snell EH, Lauricella AM, Potter SA, Luft JR, Gulde SM, Collins RJ, Franks G, Malkowski MG, Cumbaa C, Jurisica I, DeTitta GT. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Nov;64(Pt 11):1131-7.
  43. Establishing a training set through the visual analysis of crystallization trials. Part I: approximately 150,000 images. Snell EH, Luft JR, Potter SA, Lauricella AM, Gulde SM, Malkowski MG, Koszelak-Rosenblum M, Said MI, Smith JL, Veatch CK, Collins RJ, Franks G, Thayer M, Cumbaa C, Jurisica I, Detitta GT. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Nov;64(Pt 11):1123-30.
  44. Glycerol concentrations required for the successful vitrification of cocktail conditions in a high-throughput crystallization screen. Kempkes R, Stofko E, Lam K, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Mar;64(Pt 3):287-301.
  45. The application and use of chemical space mapping to interpret crystallization screening results. Snell EH, Nagel RM, Wojtaszcyk A, O’Neill H, Wolfley JL, Luft JR. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 Dec;64(Pt 12):1240-9.
  46. AutoSherlock: a program for effective crystallization data analysis. Nagel RM, Luft JR, Snell EH. J Appl Crystallogr. 2008 Dec 1;41(Pt 6):1173-1176.
  47. Efficient optimization of crystallization conditions by manipulation of drop volume ratio and temperature. Luft JR, Wolfley JR, Said MI, Nagel RM, Lauricella AM, Smith JL, Thayer MH, Veatch CK, Snell EH, Malkowski MG, Detitta GT. Protein Sci. 2007 Apr;16(4):715-22.
  48. Changes to crystals of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase during room-temperature/low-temperature cycling and their relation to cryo-annealing. Juers DH, Lovelace J, Bellamy HD, Snell EH, Matthews BW, Borgstahl GE. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2007 Nov;63(Pt 11):1139-53.
  49. Non-invasive measurement of X-ray beam heating on a surrogate crystal sample. Snell EH, Bellamy HD, Rosenbaum G, van der Woerd MJ. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2007 Jan;14(Pt 1):109-15.
  50. Structure of the full-length human RPA14/32 complex gives insights into the mechanism of DNA binding and complex formation. Deng X, Habel JE, Kabaleeswaran V, Snell EH, Wold MS, Borgstahl GE. J Mol Biol. 2007 Dec 7;374(4):865-76.
  51. Optimizing crystal volume for neutron diffraction: D-xylose isomerase. Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ, Damon M, Judge RA, Myles DA, Meilleur F. Eur Biophys J. 2006 Sep;35(7):621-32.
  52. A quasi-Laue neutron crystallographic study of D-xylose isomerase. Meilleur F, Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ, Judge RA, Myles DA. Eur Biophys J. 2006 Sep;35(7):601-9.
  53. Finding a cold needle in a warm haystack: Infrared imaging applied to locating cryocooled crystals. Snell, EH, van der Woerd, MJ, Miller, MD and Deacon, AM. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 38, 69-77 (2005).
  54. Crystallization in Microgravity. Snell, EH, and Helliwell, JR. Macromolecular Reports on Progress in Physics, 68, 799-853 (2005).
  55. Extracting trends from two decades of microgravity macromolecular crystallization history. Judge RA, Snell EH, van der Woerd MJ. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005 Jun;61(Pt 6):763-71.
  56.  Imaging modulated reflections from a semi-crystalline state of profiling:actin. Lovelace, JJ, Narayan, K, Chik, JK, Bellamy, HD, Snell, EH, Lindberg, U, Schutt, CE and Borgstahl, GEO.J. Applied Crystallography 37, 327-330 (2004).
  57. First results of digital topography applied to macromolecular crystals. Lovelace, JJ, Soares, A, Bellamy, HD, Sweet, RM, Snell, EH and Borgstahl, GEO. J. Applied Crystallography 37, 481-485 (2004).
  58. Physical and structural studies on the cryocooling of insulin crystals. Vahedi-Faridi A, Lovelace J, Bellamy HD, Snell EH, Borgstahl GE. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2003 Dec;59(Pt 12):2169-82.
  59. Macromolecular crystal quality. Snell EH, Bellamy HD, Borgstahl GE. Methods Enzymol. 2003;368:268-88.
  60. The development and application of a method to quantify the quality of cryoprotectant conditions using standard area detector X-ray images. McFerrin, M and Snell, EH. J. Appl. Cryst. 35, 538-545 (2002).
  61. Seeing the heat — preliminary studies of cryocrystallography using infrared imaging. Snell EH, Judge RA, Larson M, van der Woerd MJ.  J Synchrotron Radiat. 2002 Nov 1;9(Pt 6):361-7.
  62. Thaumatin crystallization aboard the International Space Station using liquid-liquid diffusion in the Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (EGN). Barnes CL, Snell EH, Kundrot CE.Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2002 May;58(Pt 5):751-60.
  63. Free-falling crystals: Biological macromolecular crystal growth studies in low earth orbit. Judge, RA., Snell, EH. and Pusey, ML.  Dev. Chem. Eng. Mineral Process. 10(5/6) 479-488 (2002).
  64. Fluid Flows and Macromolecular Growth in Microgravity,Helliwell, JR, Snell, EH, Chayen, NE, Judge, RA, Boggon, TJ and Pusey, ML.  Published in Physics of Fluids in Microgravity, ch 14, pages 489-514. Taylor and Francis. Editor, R. Monti (2002).
  65. A test of macromolecular crystallization in microgravity: large well ordered insulin crystals. Borgstahl GE, Vahedi-Faridi A, Lovelace J, Bellamy HD, Snell EH. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2001 Aug;57(Pt 8):1204-7.
  66. Investigating the effect of impurities on macromolecule crystal growth in microgravity. Snell, EH, Judge, RA, Crawford, L, Forsythe, EL, Pusey, ML, Sportiello, M, Todd, P, Bellamy, H, Lovelace, J, Cassanto, Borgstahl, GEO. Crystal Growth and Design, 1, 2, 151-158 (2001).
  67. Microgravity and Macromolecular Crystallography. Kundrot, CE, Judge, RA, Pusey, ML, & Snell, EH. Crystal Growth and Design. Crystal Growth and Design, 1, 87-99 (2001).
  68. The high-mosaicity illusion: revealing the true physical characteristics of macromolecular crystals. Bellamy HD, Snell EH, Lovelace J, Pokross M, Borgstahl GE. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. (2000) Aug;56(Pt 8):986-95.
  69. BEAM-ish: A graphical user interface for the physical characterization of macromolecular crystals.  Lovelace, J, Snell, EH, Pokross, M, Arvai, A, Nielsen, C, Nguyen, X, Bellamy, H and Borgstahl, GEO. J. Applied Crystallography, 33, 1187-1188 (2000).
  70.  Synchrotron X-ray reciprocal-space mapping, topography and diffraction resolution studies of macromolecular crystal quality. Boggon TJ, Helliwell JR, Judge RA, Olczak A, Siddons DP, Snell EH, Stojanoff V.Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2000 Jul;56(Pt 7):868-80.
  71. Cryo-trapping the six-coordinate, distorted-octahedral active site of manganese superoxide dismutase. Borgstahl GE, Pokross M, Chehab R, Sekher A, Snell EH. J Mol Biol. 2000 Mar 3;296(4):951-9.
  72. Crystallization of chicken egg white lysozyme from assorted sulphate salts. EL Forsythe, EH Snell, CC Malone and ML Pusey. J.Cryst. Growth, 196, 332-343. (1999).
  73. The effect of temperature and solution pH on the nucleation of tetragonal lysozyme crystals. Judge RA, Jacobs RS, Frazier T, Snell EH, Pusey ML. Biophys J. 1999 Sep;77(3):1585-93.
  74. Crystallization of chicken egg-white lysozyme from ammonium sulfate. Forsythe EL, Snell EH, Pusey ML. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1997 Nov 1;53(Pt 6):795-7.
  75. Crystallization of biological molecules in microgravity.  Snell, EH, Chayen, NE and Helliwell, JR. The Biochemist, Vol 21, 6, 19-24 (1999).
  76. Protein crystal movements and fluid flows during microgravity growth.  Boggon, TJ, Chayen, NE, Snell, EH, Dong, J, Lautenschlager, P, Potthast, L, Siddons, DP, Stojanoff, V, Gordon, E, Thompson, AW, Zagalsky, PF, Bi, R-C, and Helliwell, JR. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A.356, 1045-1061 (1998).
  77. Quality evaluation of macromolecular crystals using X-ray mosaicity measurements. Snell, E.H. Proceedings of the Montreal Spacebound 1997 meeting, Canadian Space Agency, 306-315. (1998).
  78. Stationary crystal diffraction with a monochromatic convergent X-ray source and application for macromolecular crystal data collection. Ho JX, Snell EH, Sisk RC, Ruble JR, Carter DC, Owens SM, Gibson WM. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1998 Mar 1;54(Pt 2):200-14.
  79. CCD video observation of microgravity crystallization of lysozyme and correlation with accelerometer data. Snell EH, Boggon TJ, Helliwell JR, Moskowitz ME, Nadarajah A. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1997 Nov 1;53(Pt 6):747-55.
  80. Partial improvement of crystal quality for microgravity-grown apocrustacyanin C1. Snell EH, Cassetta A, Helliwell JR, Boggon TJ, Chayen NE, Weckert E, Holzer K, Schroer K, Gordon EJ, Zagalsky PF. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1997 May 1;53(Pt 3):231-9.
  81. CCD video observation of microgravity crystallization: apocrustacyanin C1. Chayen, NE, Snell, EH, Helliwell, JR and Zagalsky, PF.  J. Cryst. Growth 171, 219-225 (1997).
  82. Lysozyme crystal growth kinetics monitored using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Snell EH, Helliwell JR, Boggon TJ, Lautenschlager P, Potthast L. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1996 May 1;52(Pt 3):529-33.
  83. An Investigation of the perfection of lysozyme protein crystals grown in microgravity and on earth. Helliwell, JR, Snell, EH, & Weisgerber, S. Springer Lecture notes in Physics. Vol 464, Ch. 30 edited by Ratke, L., Walter, H. & Feuerbache, B. Springer Verlag, 155-170 (1996).
  84. X-ray topography: An old technique with a new application. Stojanoff, V, Siddons, DP, Snell, EH and Helliwell, JR. Synchrotron Radiation News 9, 25-26 (1996).
  85. Trends and challenges in experimental macromolecular crystallography. Chayen NE, Boggon TJ, Cassetta A, Deacon A, Gleichmann T, Habash J, Harrop SJ, Helliwell JR, Nieh YP, Peterson MR, Raftery J, Snell EH, Hädener A, Niemann AC, Siddons DP, Stojanoff V, Thompson AW, Ursby T, Wulff M. Q Rev Biophys. 1996.
  86. Improvements in lysozyme protein crystal perfection through microgravity growth. Snell EH, Weisgerber S, Helliwell JR, Hölzer K, Schroer K. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1995 Nov 1;51(Pt 6):1099-102.
  87. Uses of the Synchrotron X-Ray Laue Technique and Investigation of Microgravity Crystal Growth, Snell EH, PhD Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995.
  88. Time resolved biological and pertubation chemical crystallography: Laue and monochromatic developments. Bradbrook, G, Deacon, A, Habash, J, Helliwell, JR, Helliwell, M, Nieh, YP, Snell, EH, Trapini, S, Thompson, AW, Campbell, JW, Allinson, NM, Moon, K, Ursby, T, and Wulff, M. SPIE 2521, 160-177 (1995).
  89. Image-Plate Synchrotron Laue Data Collection and Subsequent Structural Analysis of a Small Test Crystal of a Nickel-Containing Aluminophosphate. Snell E, Habash J, Helliwell M, Helliwell JR, Raftery J, Kaucic V and Campbell JW. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 2, 22-26 (1995).
  90. Electron density maps of lysozyme calculated using synchrotron Laue data comprising singles and deconvoluted multiples.  Campbell , JW, deacon, A, Habash, J, Helliwell, JR, McSweeney, S, Quan, H, Raftery, J and Snell, E. Bull. Mater. Sci., 17,1, 1-18 (1994).
  91. The emergence of the synchrotron Laue method for rapid data collection from protein crystals. Cassetta, A, Deacon, A, Emmerich, C, Habash, J, Helliwell, JR, McSweeney, S, Snell, E, Thompson, AW and Weisgerber, S.  Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 177-192 (1993).

Patents

  1. Digital x-ray camera for quality evaluation three-dimensional topographic reconstruction of single crystals, Borgstahl, Lovelace, Snell and Bellamy, #7,466,798 issued December 16th, 2008.
  2. Method for measurement of physical characteristics of crystals, Borgstahl, Lovelace and Snell, # 6,498,829, issued December 24th, 2002.

Selected Invited presentations

2024 Virtual BER Low-Dose Radiation Research Program Meeting  Understanding the mechanism and health consequences of low-dose radiation at a molecular level
2024 Virtual SNS-HIFIR User Group (SHUG) Town Hall Biological Systems: Advancing health and biomaterials.
2024, Puerto Rico BioXFEL Structural Biology Workshop More Crystallization Information and A typical crystallographer.
2023 Baltimore, MD American Crystallography Association Annual Meeting The Mythical Metal – Insights on the Accuracy of Metal Identification in Structural Biology.
2023, Granada, Spain International School on Biological Crystallization Small-Angle Scattering as a complementary technique in structural biology.
2021, Virtual Meeting American Crystallography Association Annual Meeting The ideal crystal for structural biology.
2019, Covington, KY American Crystallography Association Annual Meeting Structural knowledge or X-ray damage? Dose dependent case studies on xylose isomerase revealing structural perturbations.
2019, Granada, Spain International School on Biological Crystallization Small Angle Solution Scattering as a complementary technique in structural biology studies.
2018, Cleveland, OH 76th Annual Pittsburgh Diffraction Conference High throughput identification and structural remediation of
promiscuous metals in macromolecular structures
2018, Buffalo, NY ISS National Laboratory 2018 Microgravity Molecular Crystal Growth Workshop Surprises in Space
2018, Lewiston, ME. Gordon Research Conference on Diffraction Methods The Truth Is Out There: Collating, Visualizing and Using Information Obtained from Crystallization Screening
2018, Stanford, CA SSRL/LCLS Annual Users Meeting High-throughput identification of promiscuous metals in macromolecular structures – Remediation and result.
2018, Tempe, AZ Brilliance, rate, and accessibility – Opportunities for structural biology with an XFEL in your back pocket
2017, Granada, Spain International School on Biological Crystallization Small Angle Solution Scattering as a complementary technique in structural biology studies.
2018, Lewiston, ME. Gordon Research Conference on Diffraction Methods Methods for the Rapid Detection and Optimization of Submicron Crystals
2017, New Orleans, LA American Crystallography Association Annual Meeting The influence of promiscuous metals on metalloprotein structure: Complementary techniques to separate the good, the bad, and the ugly.
2017, Milwaukee, WI All that glitters is not necessarily gold –. The accurate identification of metals in metalloproteins and post X-ray diffraction structural remediation
2016, Ocford, UK Oxford University Probing dynamical structural problems in protein crystallography.
2016, Tokyo, Japan The 2nd International Symposium on Space Science of High Quality Protein Crystallization Technology Biological Macromolecular Crystallization on Orbit: Rationale and Results
2015 Remote Access Crystallography Workshop Practical tips and experiences from remote data collection
2015, Granada, Spain International School on Biological Crystallization Efficient High-Throughput Crystallization
2015, Granada, Spain International School on Biological Crystallization Small Angle Scattering as a Complementary Technique in Structural Biology
Crystallization
2014, Albuquerque, NM American Crystallography Association Annual Meeting Comparing Chemistry to Outcome: The Development of a Chemical Similarity Metric, Clustering and Visualization to Macromolecular Crystallography.
2014, Hamburg, Germany Eighth International Workshop on X-ray Damage to Biological Crystalline Samples Now that you have your crystal …. What do you want to do with it?
2014, Hamburg, Germany ICCBM-15 Comparing Chemistry to Outcome: Coupling a chemical distance metric, with clustering and hierarchal visualization.
2014, Nottingham, UK CCP4 Annual Meeting Practicing safe SAXS (or what goes on behind the beamstop)
2013, Honolulu, Hawaii American Crystallography Association Annual Meeting High-throughput SAXS as a Complement to Crystallography.
2013, Yale, New Haven, CT Small Angle X-ray Scattering as a Complementary Structural Biology Technique: Perils, Pitfalls, and Potential
2013, Orlando, FL American Society for Gravitational and Space Research Growth Rate Dispersion, a Predictive Indicator for Biological Crystal Samples that Improve in Microgravity
2013, Granada, Spain International School on Biological Crystallization What’s in a drop? Correlating Observations and Outcomes to Guide Macromolecular Crystallization Experiments
2013, Huntsville, AL CASIS Workshop Exploiting On-Orbit Crystal Properties for Structural Studies of Medically and Economically Important Proteins
2013, Galveston, TX Crystals – how quaint! High-throughput developments for structural biology
2013, Galveston, TX Small Angle Scattering as a Complementary Technique in Structural Biology
2013, Granada, Spain International School on Biological Crystallization
2012, Huntsville, AL 13th International Conference on the Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules Developing Tools to Transition High-Throughput Crystallization to High-output Crystallography
2012, Diamond, Didcot, UK. Seventh International Workshop on X-ray Damage to Biological Crystalline Samples
2012, Grenoble, France. International SAXS advisory group Developing Tools to Transition High-Throughput Crystallization to High-output Crystallography
2012, Leeds, UK SAXS Course Leeds 2012 A Complementary Approach to Studying Eukaryotic Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetase: A Combination of SAXS, Crystallography and Molecular Modeling
2012, SSRL, Menlo Park, CA Memorial workshop Small Angle X-ray Scattering as a Complementary Tool in the Structural Biology Laboratory: A case study with tRNA synthetase
2012, Oxford, UK Structural Genomics Group2 Developing tools to transition high-throughput crystallization to high-output crystallography
2012, Menlo Park, CA SAXS Workshop at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Small Angle X-ray Scattering as a Complementary Tool in the Structural Biology Laboratory: A case study with tRNA synthetase
2012, Rutgers, NJ North East Structural Genomics group annual meeting
2011, New Orleans, LA American Crystallography Association Annual Meeting Crystal Cookery – Using High-Throughput Technologies and the Grocery Store as a Teaching Tool.
2011, Leeds, UK Leeds University BioSAXS data processing and interpretation
2011, Melbourne, Australia C3 Users Meeting
2010, Pittsburgh, PA 65th Annual Pittsburgh Diffraction Conference The application of high-throughput technologies to structural studies.
2010, Chicago, IL American Crystallographic Association Annual Meeting Visualizing Protein Dynamics: a combined crystallography, SAXS and computational approach.
2010, Dublin, Ireland International Conference on the Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules The application of high-throughput technologies to fundamental crystallization research
2011, Leeds, UK Leeds University Visualizing Protein Dynamics: a combined crystallography, SAXS and computational approach
2010, NIH, Bethesda, MD NIGMS Workshop: Enabling Technologies in Structure
and Function		 Structural Information from 77% of Targets: High-Throughput SAXS as a Complementary Component to a Structural Pipeline.
2010, Lewiston, ME. Gordon Research Conference on Diffraction Methods Visualizing Protein Dynamics: a combined crystallography, SAXS and computational approach
2010, Brookhaven, NY. NSLS Robots, Restaurants and Rube Goldberg: A Combined Crystallography, SAXS and Computational Approach to the Structure of Gln4 – Yeast Glutaminyl tRNA Synthetase
2009, Pittsburgh, PA Remote Access Crystallography at SSRL Workshop Preparing your samples for the synchrotron (and practical advice for the experiment)
2009, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA SSRL/LCLS Annual Users Meeting Visualizing protein dynamics; a combined crystallography, SAXS and computational approach
2009, SSRL, Menlo Park, CA Remote User Workshop Preparing your samples for the synchrotron (and practical advice for the experiment)
2009, CHESS, Ithaca, NY CHESS Users Meeting Visualizing protein dynamics; a combined crystallography, SAXS and computational approach.
2008, Waterville Valley, NH Gordon Research Conference on Radiation Chemistry Are X-rays damaging to Structural Biology? A case study with Xylose Isomerase
2008, Lewiston, ME. Gordon Research Conference on Diffraction Methods Are X-rays damaging to structural biology? A case study with xylose isomerase
2008, Knoxville, TN American Crystallographic Association Annual Meeting Practical Approaches to Improving the Formation and Diffraction-quality of Protein Crystals
2008 Annual Pittsburgh Diffraction Conference Where to go next and not loose ‘all’ your hair
2008 Annual Pittsburgh Diffraction Conference The three R’s of a good structure, Resolution, Refinement and Reality
2007, Nancy, France Are X-rays damaging to structural crystallography?
2007, Buffalo, NY 65th Annual Pittsburgh Diffraction Conference Order from chaos: The design and interpretation of high-throughput crystallization screens to guide optimization
2007, Melbourne, Australia Remote Access Crystalography at SSRL Workshop Practical tips and experiences from remote data collection
2007, Salt Lake City, UT American Crystallographic Association Annual Meeting Crystal Crystal Heating in a Third Generation Synchrotron X-ray Beam,
a Significant Factor or Not?
2006 Hawaii American Crystallographic Association Annual Meeting Thermal Imaging Applied
to Cryocrystallography:
Cryocooling and Beam Heating
2006 Spring-8, Japan Fourth International Workshop on X-ray Damage to Biological Crystalline Samples Thermal Imaging Applied
to Cryocrystallography:
Cryocooling and Beam Heating
2006, Buffalo, NY Remote Access Crystalography at SSRL Workshop Preparing your samples for the synchrotron (and practical advice for the experiment)
2005, Hamilton, Canada Buffalo, Hamiliton, Toronto meeting Heat and Radiation effects at Synchrotrons
2005 Macromolecular Crystallography at Synchrotrons
2004, Tokai-mura, Japan Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute Optimizing crystal volume for neutron diffraction studies
2003, Covington, KY American Crystallographic Association Conference Hot views on cold crystals: The application of thermal imaging in cryo-crystallography
2001, Chicago, NY Second International Workshop on X-ray Damage to Biological Crystalline Samples

Courses taught

STB 533 Crystallographic Methods in Structural Biology I 2006-2014
STB 534 Crystallographic Methods in Structural Biology II 2006
STB 612 Seminar course – Practical topics 2007-2014

Professional Memberships

1996 – present Member of the American Crystallographic Association
1996 Member of the American Institute of Physics
1991 – 1996 British Institute of Physics, elected to Member in 1996 and awarded Chartered Physicist and M. Inst. P. status. Lapsed on moving to the USA
1991 – 1996 British Crystallographic Association